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Endometriosis is a medical condition in which tissue similar to the lining of the uterus, called endometrium, grows outside the uterus. This tissue can be found on organs within the pelvic cavity, such as the ovaries, fallopian tubes, and the outer surface of the uterus, as well as on other structures in the abdominal and pelvic areas. Endometriosis affects 10% (190 million) of reproductive age women and girls globally. That means one in 10 women, is affected by endometriosis.

During the menstrual cycle, the endometrial tissue thickens, breaks down, and is shed as part of the menstrual period. However, the endometrial tissue outside the uterus has no way to exit the body. This can lead to the formation of painful adhesions, cysts, and scar tissue, causing various symptoms and complications.

Symptoms of endometriosis may include:

1. Pelvic pain: Typically associated with menstrual periods, but it can also occur at other times.

2. Painful menstruation (dysmenorrhea): This pain may be more intense than usual menstrual cramps.

3. Pain during or after sexual intercourse: Discomfort or pain may be experienced during or after sexual activity.

4. Painful bowel movements or urination: Endometrial tissue can affect the intestines or urinary tract, leading to pain during bowel movements or urination, especially during menstruation.

5. Excessive bleeding: Some women with endometriosis may experience heavy menstrual bleeding.

6. Infertility: Endometriosis is a common cause of fertility issues in women.

The exact cause of endometriosis is not well understood yet, but factors such as genetics, hormonal imbalances, and immune system dysfunction may contribute to its development. It is a chronic condition that can significantly impact a woman’s quality of life.

Diagnosis is often confirmed through laparoscopic surgery, where a thin tube with a camera is inserted into the abdomen to visualize and potentially treat the endometriosis. Traditional treatment options may include medications to manage symptoms, hormonal therapies, and in some cases, surgical intervention to remove or manage the endometrial tissue.

However, latest studies suggest that stress could be one of the main causes of endometriosis. And as, so far, there is no cure for endometriosis, managing stress, improving lifestyle and changing diet, in most cases, are efficient in symptoms relief.

Living with endometriosis can be challenging, both physically and emotionally. Support groups and counseling can provide valuable resources for individuals navigating the impact of this condition on their lives.

If you suspect you have endometriosis or are experiencing symptoms, it’s important to consult with a healthcare professional, specialised in endometriosis, for a proper diagnosis and appropriate management.